Anfal

Al-Anfal Campaign 1986 — 1989

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The al-Anfal Campaign (Arabic: حملة الأنفال‎), also known as the Kurdish Genocide, Operation Anfal or simply Anfal, was a genocidal campaign against the Kurdish people (and other non-Arab populations) in Northern Iraq, led by the Iraqi regime of Saddam Hussein and headed by Ali Hassan al-Majid in the final stages of Iran-Iraq War.

Anfal is “the name given by the Iraqis to a series of military actions which lasted from February 23 until September 6, 1988.  While it is impossible to understand the Anfal campaign without reference to the final phase of the 1980-1988 Iran-Iraq War, Anfal was not merely a function of that war.  Rather, the winding-up of the conflict on Iraq’s terms was the immediate historical circumstance that gave Baghdad the opportunity to bring to a climax its longstanding efforts to bring the Kurds to heal.”

the name given by the Iraqis to a series of military actions which lasted from February 23 until September 6, 1988. While it is impossible to understand the Anfal campaign without reference to the final phase of the 1980-1988 Iran-Iraq War, Anfal was not merely a function of that war.

first Anfal : 23 february –  19 march  1988

first Anfal : 23 february – 19 march 1988

Second Anfal : 22 March – 1 April 1988

Second Anfal : 22 March – 1 April 1988

Third Anfal ( North ) : 7 April – 20 April  1988

Third Anfal ( North ) : 7 April – 20 April 1988

Anatomy of a compaging  third anfal ( south ) : 7 April – 20 April 1988

Anatomy of a compaging third anfal ( south ) : 7 April – 20 April 1988

Forth Anfal : 3 – 8 May 1988

Forth Anfal : 3 – 8 May 1988

Fifth , Sixth , and Seventh Anfals :  15  August  1988

Fifth , Sixth , and Seventh Anfals : 15 August 1988

Final Anfal : 25  August – 6 September  1988

Final Anfal : 25 August – 6 September 1988

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